Losing a loved one to gun violence can cause anxiety, stress and other mental health symptoms. So can simply living in an environment where violence is common.
But experts say early intervention and support can help prevent some of those negative, long-term consequences.
In some U.S. cities, officials are taking a fresh look at gun violence, and treating it as a public health issue. That means examining how the trauma can impact entire communities and lead to mental health problems.
In the Midwest, trauma response efforts in Cleveland and Chicago provide near-immediate support to individuals who may be struggling; and the Indianapolis City Council has formally declared gun violence a public health issue.
A new effort in east-central Illinois aims to do the same.
The Champaign County Community Coalition is a network of people from local government, law enforcement, and community-based service providers that work to identify and address critical community issues.
The group’s crisis response team held its first “violence response forum” on May 17—a week after shootings injured two people and claimed the life of 14-year-old Elijah Booker.
Violence, Grief and Trauma
More than 50 people gathered at the event hosted at Jericho Missionary Baptist Church in Champaign, just blocks from where the prior week’s shootings took place.
Relatives of another local teenager—David Sankey, who was fatally shot in August 2018—spoke to the group.
“That was my baby, that’s all I had,” said Yvonne Johnson, Sankey’s mother. “And somebody decided to come on his block and fire a gun. Not one time. Six shots... One kid hit. Mine.”
A woman who identified herself as Sankey’s grandmother also spoke. She said his death sparked so much grief that she considered taking her own life.
“I loved him so much and he loved me so much,” she said. “And at the time this happened, I didn’t know what to do, I was just lost.”
But she said the support of community and church members helped.
Sankey is one of eight people who died from gun violence in Champaign-Urbana in 2018. More than 100 others were shot and survived; that’s up from 85 shootings in 2017.
Patricia Avery of the Community Coalition’s violence response team said the forums aim to provide support for people who are grieving in the aftermath of a violent incident.
“We are here to let you know that you are not alone,” Avery said. “We know that there are people out there that are trying to cope and understand what is going on. There’s too much violence, there’s too much pain, there’s too much suffering. So we, as a community, have to stand together.”
Helping People Process Trauma
University of Maryland epidemiologist Wendy Lane studies the effects of trauma on women who live in one of Baltimore’s most violent areas.
“Their stress levels are incredibly high, and they feel that anxiety from being constantly exposed to traumatic events,” she said.
That exposure can lead to long-term issues with anxiety and depression, she said.
Efforts to wrap support around people right after a violent incident can help prevent some of those problems. But, Lane has one caveat:
“There has to be ongoing services," and those services need to get to the people who need them most, she said.
To really address community violence, Lane said cities must take action to combat the root causes.
At the forum in Champaign, the city's police chief, Anthony Cobb, echoed that sentiment.
“And the root cause is: How are we going to help our young people?” Cobb said. “How do we invest, how do we help them to feel good so they’re not as apathetic and so they don’t want to go down these paths?”
Cobb said the community needs to come together to address these underlying issues.
Vashon Frazier, a Champaign Central High School junior who attended the forum, said he just wants to see an end to the “senseless killings.”
“I’m only 17 years old, and there’s a lot of people my age—14, 15, 16 years old—being murdered,” Frazier said. “It’s just scary to see it happening around me.”
Karen Simms, a therapist who leads the Community Coalition’s violence response efforts, said the group is training community responders to provide 12 to 16 weeks of individualized support to anyone who needs it.
Simms said the group will continue seeking guidance from the community on how to best help those who are grieving in the aftermath of violence.
Christine Herman is a recipient of a 2018-2019 Rosalynn Carter Fellowship for Mental Health Journalism. Follow her on Twitter:@CTHerman
This story was produced bySide Effects Public Media, a news collaborative covering public health.
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